Introduction"
In comparing biological life to artificial intelligence, I find that the instance of bone is the most
compelling. It is at this point that I suggest biological life can be taken as a mathematical struc-
ture actually using physical aspects of biological life such as molar mass, density, and atomic
radii as the values of the variables. Life seems to only present itself this way if we compare it to
another construct, like artificial intelligence. The other extraordinary thing is that bone, which is
the fundamental framework around which life is built (muscles are attached to it, skin wrapped
around it, organs embedded in it) is described by the fundamental framework around which
mathematics is built, algebra. Thus, in this paper dedicated to bone, we have all the framework
of fundamental mathematics following from it (ratios, proportions, completing the square, qua-
dratic equations, the golden ratio). As we progress to the form built on the skeleton (muscle on
bone) we proceed to the next layer of mathematics, calculus, differential equations, and vector
calculus). For instance muscle action is like a damped harmonic oscillator in that the force on
the muscle in moving a load is proportional the distance it contracts, and the solution of such a
differential equation makes use of the fundamental framework of algebra, namely its solutions
are obtained by finding the exponents of e with algebra’s quadratic equation or, equivalently,
the factorization of a quadratic, or completing the square. More primary to bone are the amino
acids and biological elements such as C, N, O, H, which when compared to the AI elements Si,
Ge, P, B, As, Ga, of which aspects such as bone are built, and semiconductor components are
built for logic gates in AI, these find their expression in an elegant set of equations I laid out in
earlier work (AI Biodesign, 2019) which make use of ratios and proportions, such as the golden
ratio (a/b=b/c, a=b+c) which are building blocks to bone’s algebra just as in they are building
blocks to things like amino acids, DNA (in the case of biological life) and Si, Ge, P, B, As, are
building blocks to circuit components in AI. The equations that follow on all layers in terms of
molar mass, density, and atomic radii, may be of such parallel construct in the need for func-
tion in that molar mass, density, and atomic radii, determine the properties of elements and
their ensuing compounds.!